What is Dyslexia

---

Dyslexia, as recognized within the Canadian context, is a specific learning disorder characterized by enduring difficulties in accurate and fluent word recognition, accompanied by challenges in spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties are often unexpected and disproportionate to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Dyslexia is fundamentally rooted in a deficiency in the phonological processing component of language, which encompasses the skills required to decipher and manipulate the distinct sounds of spoken language.

This Canadian definition of dyslexia is closely aligned with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The DSM-5 classifies dyslexia as a neurodevelopmental disorder under the broader category of specific learning disorders. The primary distinguishing feature of dyslexia, as defined in the DSM-5, is the presence of significant challenges in phonological processing, which can lead to difficulties in accurate reading and spelling.

Furthermore, this definition resonates with the efforts and insights of Canadian organizations that specialize in learning disabilities. The Learning Disabilities Association of Canada acknowledges dyslexia as a specific learning disorder stemming from neurological differences, with a focus on phonological processing deficits affecting reading and language skills.

In summary, the Canadian definition of dyslexia highlights it as a specific learning disorder characterized by persistent challenges in word recognition, spelling, and decoding abilities, attributed to underlying phonological processing deficiencies. This definition is consistent with the criteria presented in the DSM-5 and is reinforced by the perspectives of Canadian organizations dedicated to understanding and addressing learning disabilities.